SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION
The article discusses various approaches to the study of education in sociology. The continuity, interrelation and problem field of the main macrosociological and microsociological directions are shown, which contributes to the expansion and systematization of the theoretical and methodological apparatus in the study of education as a social phenomenon.
SOCIOLOGY OF YOUTH
The relevance of the study of culture continuity by modern youth is due to the place and role that this social group provides in the structure of modern society. Youth act as an actor of social transformations. It is young people who feel everything new, absorb innovations, relying on the experience of previous generations. Modern Russian youth found themselves in a difficult situation, on the one hand, provoked by the processes of globalization, which is gaining momentum day by day, and, on the other hand, the systemic transformation of Russian society, which determines changes in all spheres of social life. In other words, the acquisition of selfhood, the formation of social maturity takes place in the conditions of a prefigurative culture, which fills the eternal conflict of “fathers and children” with new meanings, sometimes completely unexpected. The vanguard of youth is the students, one of the channels of socialization of which is the domestic education system. The purpose of the article is to show how close the cultural heritage is to modern youth, to identify intergenerational differences / similarities in relation to the preservation of folk culture. Materials and research methods. The article is based on empirical data obtained in the course of the All-Russian sociological study of students of Russian universities (citizens of Russia), initiated by the Russian Society of Sociologists, “Cultural Heritage and the Connection of Generations” (2022). All federal districts of the country were included in the study area. Research results. The article shows how, in the assessments and opinions of modern Russian students, there is a cultural transmission that ensures cultural continuity / decay (parallelism) in the space of a separate family and entire generations.
The situation of homeless animals in big cities requires regulation. The article presents the results of an empirical study, which identified the attitudes of student youth to the problem of homeless animals. The study was conducted using the survey method. Main conclusions of the study: young people express a high degree of empathy and do not have destructive feelings of hatred and anger towards homeless animals; solving the problem of homeless animals only at the level of government or non-governmental organizations will not be effective, it is necessary to involve and engage people who empathize with animals.Young people have used social practices in their lives to support homeless animals, but these practices have not required active involvement; the problem of homeless animals must be solved through organizing an optimal life for homeless animals, as well as through social advertising aimed to create awareness of methods and techniques to solve the problem of homeless animals, to encourage people to take action, through which the problem can be solved or the negative consequences of existence can be minimized.
Transformational processes in modern society actualize the understanding of a number of youth problems, including professional socialization. In this context, a comprehensive study of student youth, as a potential carrier of the future society, becomes an important scientific and applied problem. Students are distinguished by the presence of a high educational level, cognitive motivation and social activity. Professional socialization contributes to obtaining a profession, the formation of professional qualities and successful entry into the production environment. The author provides a variety of scientific approaches to the disclosure of the scientific category "professional socialization". Moreover, certain scientific provisions become a methodological key to understanding the content of the socialization process. The results of the author's study of the process of professional socialization of students of the Tyumen Industrial University are presented, the purpose of which is the formation of socially significant qualities, practical skills and abilities necessary for successful implementation in the professional field.
SOCIOLOGY OF MIGRATION
The article discusses the problem of migrations of inhabitants of the Russian’s provincial regions. The article considers the dynamics of motives and directions of migrations of rural population and the inhabitants of towns in one of Russian’s regions — the Republic of Mari El. The author notes the tendency of the growth of migration for economic reasons and for the growth of interest of young people to education. The author emphasizes the increasing relevance of the problem of reviving the long tradition of temporary migration of the rural population to the cities. Special attention has been paid to the comparative analysis of the changes of the possibilities of migration of urban and rural population during analyzed period.
SOCIOLOGY OF CULTURE
The article gives an analytical survey of culture crisis state appeared due to the lack of wellthought- out and systemic state policy in this sphere of the Russian society for the last thirty years. The general commitment to western examples of culture (mass media, literature, theatre, etc.) promoted inter-generation crisis exacerbation. The sphere of culture has become the very fault that has identified the modern inter-generation crisis. During the investigation both general scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparatively-historical and dialectical) and specific scientific methods (analysis of secondary sociological data) were applied. Also the survey of interviews, article texts, Internet blogs and others on the issues of upbringing the younger generation in modern conditions are presented in the research. The authors of the article made analysis of the contemporary state of culture based on evidential material. The special attention is paid to inter-generation crisis appeared in the 90s of the XXth century due to cardinal focuses change in all life spheres of society and, particularly, in culture of the Russian state. The authors of the article find inter-generation crisis overcoming in rejection from total culture westerinzation and in the necessity of systemic propaganda of basic traditional Russian values.
PROBLEMS OF IDENTIFICATION AND SELF-IDENTIFICATION
Sociocultural processes, including those affecting the media (commercialization, convergence, digitalization of journalism), force methodologists, sociologists, and practical journalists to reconsider the conditions for the formation of identity (primarily professional) of students at the university. We need new approaches, concepts, models of media education that would meet the new challenges of the time. In this article, on the basis of psychological research and questionnaires of first-year students of SurGPU, problems in the adaptation and formation of future journalists within the educational process are identified, problematic issues are identified, and ways of solving them are proposed. The author believes that the main condition contributing to the successful formation of professional identification of students, the development of necessary competencies, increased motivation will be the creation of a holistic educational space, «media park» (M. Yu. Ershov), in which professional cases would be modeled, and students of different courses would prepare original media products (project method) with a pronounced social orientation.
The study of students' professional identity expands the empirical field of the scientific direction «anthropology of professions», a methodological approach to the study of self-awareness, images and everyday practices of a particular professional community. The purpose of this article is to systematize and analyze cases that demonstrate the markers of the professional identity of students of regional universities — future teachers of history. The study of the professional identity of students helps to understand the motivation and interest of students in mastering a profession and employment in their specialty, the perception of professional qualities. Own awareness of oneself as a professor / teacher of history and social science or a historian-researcher reveals the specific characteristics of these images and their inherent individuality.
The professional identity of students implies a type of identity, which is a psychological category related to the awareness and assessment of one's own belonging to a specific profession and professional community. The concept of «professional identity» is comparable to the phrase «professional subculture» used in relation to the designation of a set of traditions that characterize a particular professional community — stereotypes, behavioral patterns, everyday life, symbols, attributes.
Particular attention is paid to the comments of the informants and their interpretation, which allow creating an adequate picture of the perception of their students and the specifics of the future profession.
The problem of such social phenomenon as stigmatization in the life activity of athletes is raised. The phenomenon is studied with the support of the dramaturgical approach, actualized by I. Hoffmann. Public perception of a particular social group is reflected in the process of identification of a person/group in modern society, which prompted the author to conduct a sociological study in order to identify the fact of stigmatization in the life of athletes and the causes of this social phenomenon. Materials and methods. Methodological basis of the research: the theory of stigmatization and the concept of “order of interaction” by I. Hoffmann, the theory of social construction by P. Berger and T. Lukman, the theory of marginality. Empirical basis of the research is in the fact that we interviewed representatives of sports of the following qualifications: candidates for master of sports, master of sports, master of sports of international class (n=36 people; respondents were selected by snowball method) of different age categories currently integrated into the sphere of sports as active athletes, or who completed their sports career. Results and scientific novelty. The public image of the athlete, constructed in modern society, is predominantly stigmatized in the perception of sports representatives. The starting point of the process of labeling this category of the population is the educational system of general education. The most common communicative means of stigmatizing athletes in the educational system are language (nicknames, hurtful nicknames), ways and styles of communication (threats in the interaction), the use of different scales of evaluation of academic achievements. The leading causes of stigmatization of athletes in the perception of the representatives of sports are: envy of the achievements of athletes, the erroneous perception of sports as activities not related to hard work, the presence of various manifestations of deviant behavior in athletes in public space. As a result, the need for correction of interpersonal interaction in the educational system in connection with the presence of stigmatization of trained athletes was revealed. The latter is the novelty of the study.
PROBLEMS OF DIGITALIZATION AND EDUCATION
Abstract. In the context of the transition to a digital economy, the importance of the digital competencies of students, which are necessary for further professional activities and safe presence in the digital environment, is growing. The article presents an overview and systematization of scientific approaches that reveal the content of digital literacy. The ratio of scientific categories «digital literacy» and «digital competence» is proposed. Specific facts confirm the use of digital technologies in education, which implies the presence of digital competencies in students. It has been established that digital literacy involves the formation of skills for searching, analyzing, evaluating the information received; active use of educational platforms, digital media security technologies in the digital environment. In this regard, the purpose of the author’s research is to determine the level of formation of digital competencies of students in the system of higher education. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the theoretical substantiation of the content of digital literacy and the systematization of approaches based on a competency-based approach. In this context, of interest are the results of a survey of students of the Tyumen Industrial University, aimed at identifying problems in the formation of digital competencies in higher education. The results of the study can serve as an important methodological tool in determining risk groups regarding the level of development of digital competencies among students, the application of methods for the safe use of content, and the prevention of the spread of destructive Internet practices among students.
The growing use of virtual reality technologies requires an understanding of their role in social development. Basically virtual reality is used and quite actively in the gaming industry, but recently this technology has become more active in education as a tool for working with a large amount of information and new forms of their presentation. Virtual reality also acts as a communication tool in society. Therefore, it is so important to study the value aspect of introducing these technologies into education. The application of the author’s approach based on the following research methods, such as the method of comparative analysis, concretization and scientific generalization made it possible to identify the value aspects of learning through the use of virtual reality technologies at the present time.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the basic principles and methods of communication of scientific and educational editions within the framework of the conception of public scientific communications (PSC). The wide development of digital technologies and mass media contributes to the formation of a new environment for scientific communications implementing the enlightenment tasks. This circumstance, in addition to positive trends, also contains certain challenges for the scientific community and its further interaction with society. Scientific purpose: characteristic of the features of the activities of Russian scientific and educational editions.
Materials and methods: The article is based on the results of the study carried out in 2023 using the method of systematic analysis of scientific literature devoted to public scientific communications. The article also uses the data from the analysis of cases of domestic educational online publications.
Results, scientific novelty: The article gives a sociological description of the concepts «media space» and «popularization of scientific knowledge». Based on the results of the study, the systematization of the basic principles and classification of communication methods implemented by educational online publications was carried out. For the first time, on the basis of the proposed theoretical framework, the cases of such popular Russian online editions as Arzamas, Postnauka, the electronic journal «Knife-media» are discussed.
TEACHERS VISITING SOCIOLOGISTS
The article depicts the experience of development and realization of independent foreign language study module system for non-linguists in electronic informational and educational university environment. Modular organization of independent student foreign language study is considered to be an effective way to overcome the problems of limited class hours and a large number of students in the groups. The main components of an electronic module as a structural part of students’ independent foreign language study (learning objectives, contents and educational materials, practical part and self-testing, final control and assessment) and their essential characteristics (complexity of practical tasks, sufficiency, independence of classroom themes, autonomous mode of work, automatic check, university grade-rating system assessment) were defined. Experimental application of electronic module system of student independent study in MIET and the results of student questionnaire poll verified the theoretical conclusions and outlined further module system improvements.
The article discusses the methods of interpretation of ethnic art and its potential in the field of design activities of future designers. The methodology of pre-project and visual-morphological analysis in the educational process are considered. The role of ethnic art in the content of professional art education is determined.
The article deals with the problem of developing research competence in the context of studying academic writing in a foreign language in modern conditions. The purpose of this article is to determine the potential of using electronic educational resources as a means of developing research competence and to evaluate the effectiveness of using these resources in the process of teaching foreign language academic writing at a university. As research methods the analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature and pedagogical experience, generalization, questioning, and testing were used. Based on the analysis of the literature, the content of the concept of research competence is revealed, the characteristics of the criteria for evaluating the levels of development of research competence are given. In the course of the study an analysis of the level of formation of research competence among students was made, and the learning outcomes were presented. The obtained results indicate that the use of the resources of the electronic information and educational environment of the university in the process of teaching foreign language academic writing contributes to the effective development of the research competence of students. The novelty of the study lies in the addition of empirical data with new information about the possibilities of developing research competence in the context of studying foreign language academic writing.
The urgency of the problem is based on the implementation of ethno-cultural and regional components of educational programs within the framework of updated federal state educational standards (hereinafter — FSES). Today the importance of ethno-pedagogy as one of the directions of the paradigm of modern education increases. The updated FSES is aimed at mastering the spiritual values and culture of the multi-ethnic people of the Russian Federation.
The article presents the results of sociological research aimed at identifying problem areas arising during the implementation of ethno-cultural programs in educational organizations of the Republic of Tatarstan. The respondents of the sociological research were teachers of Art working in educational organizations of the Republic of Tatarstan.
The data obtained during the survey indicate an insufficiently high level of formation of the ethno-cultural competence of teachers, which is manifested in a lack of knowledge both about folk culture and about the forms of its implementation in the educational process. The study identified a limited number of social partners involved in ethno-cultural programs. The problem of shortage of methodological support in educational process on ethno-cultural programs is identified.
The problem areas for the implementation of ethno-cultural educational programs identified in the course of the study will form a project roadmap for their elimination. This will serve to achieve qualitative results in the development of educational programs, as well as to have a positive impact on the field of ethno-cultural education in general.
The introduction of robotics into all technological processes is changing the environment, which requires the development of technological thinking of schoolchildren in technology lessons. This actualizes the need to study the impact of educational robotics on the development of a methodical system of learning future technology teachers. The article analyzes the influence of educational robotics on the methodical system of learning teachers of technology at the Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia; the problematic approach is noted as an obligatory element of teaching at a pedagogical university. The article was written for the purpose of sharing experiences.