The article defines the object and the subject of the sociology of higher education, one of the branches of the sociological science. The process of its emergence, formation and development, covering the last 60 years, is shown. The background for the emergence of the branch of science is revealed. The criteria of periodization of sociology of higher education are characterized. A meaningful interpretation of each of the three periods of its origin and development is given. In the process of analyzing the third period the constitution of the sociology of higher education is shown. In conclusion, the main problems of sociology of higher education that attract research interest are named. The publication is based on the materials of the author’s monograph «Sociology of Higher Education» (2019) and develops the key ideas embedded in it and requiring their dissemination in the sociological community.

The article deals with the issues of the formation of competencies of students of a pedagogical university in the process of organizing educational work. The results of a pilot sociological study conducted at the Surgut State Pedagogical University are presented. It is shown that the involvement of students in the practice of educational work of a pedagogical university contributes to the formation of universal competencies of students.

The article examined the attitude of students of generation Z of Russian universities to the assessment of historic events by artificial intelligence in the context of the digitalization of society. The basic empirical research methods were a sociological survey and a focus group conducted remotely during the COVID 19 pandemic using the resources of the Google Form online service and the Zoom cloud conference platform. The study found that the attitude of generation Z to artificial intelligence in the context of the digitalization of society is ambiguous, contradictory, which affects the degree of the trust in the assessment of historic events. Z-generation students are less afraid of AI in everyday life than in communicating historic information and evaluating it. The characteristic was the stability of the position of students of generation Z to the assessment of historic events by artificial intelligence with a weak influence of external aggressive factors, including pandemic restrictions.

The transformation of Russian society determines the involvement of students in the structure of socio-economic relations. The socio-economic situation of students is determined by the functioning of formal social institutions and the reproduction of informal practices of behavior in the economic crisis of the Russian society. The article is based on the results of regional sociological monitoring. The sociological analysis provides for the identification of static and dynamic characteristics of the socio-economic situation, namely, the structure of income and expenses, assessment of the standard of living, spheres and factors of secondary employment. It is established that students have a gap between significant social characteristics: financial situation – education – employment. This causes a change in the educational path of students, a shift in emphasis from study to professional activity. As a result, there is a reconversion of the life world of this social group and social subjectivity is formed in accordance with those thesauruses that promote social adaptation.

Introduction. Distance education has become an inseparable part of the educational world, and today there is a tendency for its constant growth, which makes it necessary to analyze the lifestyle of students in new conditions. Purpose: to determine the characteristics of the lifestyle of students in the period of distance learning, the conditions of the educational process in order to rationally organize all the defining processes in higher education, which are health-forming for subjects of educational activity; to find out the attitude of students to this form of education.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted by questioning and is based on a detailed analysis of the obtained data. We conducted a survey of 188 students of Surgut State University from the 1st to the 6th courses in various fields, aged 18 to 23 years. The questionnaire included 24 questions reflecting the lifestyle of students during distance learning and the personal attitude of students to this format of education in higher education institutions.

Results and scientific novelty. Based on the data obtained about the lifestyle of students in distance learning, it was revealed that a significant number of students in appropriate conditions have difficulties in observing sleeping schedule, maintaining high levels of motor activity, and spending enough time in the fresh air. A significant impact on the health of students has a long-term work at the computer leading to a violation of the functional state of the body. It has been established that for many students communication with teachers and classmates plays a huge role in the learning process. The above information about the peculiarities of the lifestyle of students living in the conditions of the northern region during the period of distance education should be taken into account when developing health-saving programs in order to reduce functional disorders among the subjects of the educational process (students).

In the article, based on the materials of a semi-structured in-depth interview with representatives of the scientific and educational community of the OmSPU, the factors, conditions and sociocultural context that influenced the choice of profession, personal development and the formation of the worldview of the generation of Soviet baby boomers in the student period of life biography are revealed. It has been established that the socio-cultural and political identity of the community, in contrast to similar processes in previous generations, was formed in a relatively calm atmosphere of political and cultural «renewal» of the USSR. As a result of intergenerational communication, baby boomers have reached a communicative agreement in the sphere of references, which manifested itself in the «elasticity» of living standards, high achievement motivation and adaptive potential aimed at providing limited, but acceptable life comfort in the given conditions.

The study of expectations that affect the level of migration processes and the degree of satisfaction of migrants occupies an important place in their forecasting. The theoretical aspect of the role of expectations in migration was studied in the article. Based on the analysis of the received personal data, the main expectations during migration and the level of their justification were determined. Four main categories of migrants were identified: «pragmatists» – those who had expectations and they were satisfied (51.4%); «ambitious» – whose overestimated expectations during migration were not satisfied (10.1%); «lucky» – those who had no expectations, but got the result (20.2%); and «indifferent» – who had no expectations and, accordingly, they did not come true (18.6%). It is concluded that expectations about the improvement of the financial situation are decisive when making a decision to move to a new place of residence.

The article presents the results of a sociological study of autostereotypes of the Ob Ugrians and the Nenets of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra (hereinafter Yugra). With the help of the questionnaire the main characteristics of the social group in relation to themselves are revealed. It is concluded that the picture of autostereotypes is reflected by peculiar ethnic markers (tradition, ritual, rite). The spiritual worldview of the represented ethnic groups in close connection with the surrounding nature, positive representations of their own ethno-national community stand out among the meaningful units of autostereotypes.

The article is devoted to the issue of professional self-identification of students-journalists of the digital era. It was important to find out, using the guide interview as a method of sociological survey, the readiness of students (future graduates) to carry out their professional activities in new conditions. It was found that the majority of students are able to adequately assess the situation in the media market, their competitive advantages in the profession, see the positive and negative sides of the digitalization of journalism. Students believe that it is the state that should eliminate the threats of digitalization, students themselves are ready to use information technology and a creative approach to solve social issues and form public opinion. Students correctly identify the professional competencies that they will need in the professional field. However, it turned out that their competencies related to marketing, studying public opinion, working with special programs, as well as working in joint editorial environments, are not sufficiently developed. Teachers and mentors in the workplace will have to fill in the existing gaps.

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the indicators characterizing the share of teaching staff of different age groups in the total number of teaching staff of secondary schools in the regions of Russia. In the course of the work the indicators characterizing the share of teachers belonging to five age groups were evaluated: younger than 30 years, from 30 to 39 years, from 40 to 49 years, from 50 to 59 years, 60 years and older in the total number of teaching staff of the general secondary education system. The study used official statistical information on the number of teaching staff in 85 regions of Russia. The approximation of the initial empirical information was carried out on the basis of statistical modeling. The results of the computational experiment showed that the share of teaching staff belonging respectively to each of their age groups was: up to 30 years – 13.4%; from 30 to 39 years – 19.1%; from 40 to 49 years – 26.1%; from 50 to 59 years – 27.2%; from 60 years and older – 11.1%. It is proved that the share of teachers of retirement and pre-retirement age exceeds the share of young teachers. The analysis showed the presence of a certain differentiation of the values of the considered indicators by region. The proposed methodological approach and the results obtained can be used in the development of measures to attract young people as teachers to secondary schools, as well as further research on the problem under consideration.

We are looking for ways to optimize the work of the Russian Science Citation Index. The solution of this urgent problem of scientometrics is necessary in order to assess the publication activity of researchers more objectively. The presented analysis is aimed at structuring problems in the interaction of the RSCI with the scientific community and reviewing the prospects of Russian scientometrics. The actual material includes examples of errors identified by the responsible representative in relation to publications of employees of the Institute of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication of Moscow State Regional University and references to them. We are planning a set of measures to improve the quality of the work of the RSCI: improving the technology of the platform, tightening the control of registered publications and unifying the transliteration of sources.

The article highlights the ways of solving family conflicts by Russian peasants in the first third of the XX century. In the first third of the XX century political events took place in Russia, which caused radical changes in the state system and the daily life of society. Having studied the ego documents of the peasants on the basis of methodological approaches to the history of everyday life and gender history, we identify the methods actually used by the peasants to resolve family conflicts, and also determine the degree of their interaction with the authorities on this issue. The scientific novelty of the conclusions of this article consists in identifying legal nihilism in solving family conflicts by peasants in Russia in the first third of the XX century. It’s concluded that during this period family conflicts were resolved by peasants using traditional patriarchal methods. Such ways to resolve family conflicts of peasants as marriage and the assault of the husband towards his wife were identified. An indication of the use of physical assault to resolve a family conflict is more common in the ego documents of male peasants, which has become an expression of misunderstanding of the intensified process of changing the role of women in the family. The author of the article redlines that peasants appealed to the authorities to resolve family conflicts requiring the resolution of material issues. Cases of such appeals relate to the period preceding 1917, as well as the end of the 1920s.

The article considers the problem of planning coal mining in Kuzbass during the first five-year plan (1928–1932). The main trends in the formation of the Second Coal and Metallurgical Base in the east of the country in 1928–1937, including the construction of mines, their mechanization, the formation of mining personnel and the development of their qualifications, are widely covered in domestic history. However, the work of historians lacked an analysis of the difficulties faced by industry management and local managers during the five-year coal planning campaign. The aim is to investigate the problem by analyzing archived documents. As a result of the study, the author comes to conclusion that during the five-year period the planning of coal mining in Kuzbass was a continuous and tense process, the result of which was a set of periodically changing in the direction of significant increase in control figures. At the same time, there was still inertia among specialists in the transition to planned management, due to the manifestations in production relations of elements of ochlocracy and its consequences, the influence of a trade union front line on managerial decisions.

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of departmental structure on the daily practices of workers in the forestry and fishing industry of the Khanty-Mansiysk National Okrug in the second half of the 1940s – 1960s. On the basis of a wide range of sources the article analyzes everyday practices related to labor activity, ways of adapting workers to the conditions of a departmental enterprise, everyday actions outside of working hours, but formed by the departmental, as well as people's reactions to the events of industrial and everyday life. The author came to conclusion that the departmental system as a reality of centralized economy had a decisive influence on the formation of diverse everyday practices of Soviet workers.

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to consider the regional experience of struggle against drinking in a historical perspective. The article analyzes the experience of the last Soviet anti-alcohol campaign (1985–1990) based on the materials from Kogalym town (Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug). As part of the study the author studies archival documents characterizing the activities of local authorities in this direction and also materials of the town periodical press for the period under review. The purpose of this article is to consider specific forms and methods of struggle against drinking, to trace the implementation in practice the anti-alcohol legislation norms. It was established that the anti-alcohol campaign in Kogalym, as well as throughout the country, was carried out widely and included law enforcement, medical, educational and economic measures, while measures of administrative regulation and control took precedence over educational and explanatory work, which was often carried out formally. The restrictive measures led to a significant decrease in the legal turnover of alcohol, but caused the flourishing of moonshine and speculation, and also created significant social tension in society. In general, the results of the implementation of the state anti-alcohol policy in the period under review did not bring serious positive results.