The article is devoted to a historiographical analysis of the emergence and development processes of environmental history in Russia at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries. As a result of the analysis of the most famous works of historians and researchers in Russian historiography, the determining factors of genesis, the stages of formation of environmental history and their characteristics are highlighted. A series of dynamics related to dimension, aspiration, and field in the development of environmental history in recent years are noted. The features of research activities, the current state and achievements since the beginning of environmental history study in Russia over 30 years have been revealed. Promising areas are named for further research, including environmental history on frontier issues, the nuclear industry, and the space environment.

The article is a comprehensive source study that proves the unique status of the scientific and technical journal «Petroleum Economy» as the most important and irreplaceable primary source for studying the ecological history of intensive industrial development of Northwestern Siberia in the 1960s and 1980s. The research is based on the hypothesis that the leading industry publication, being a mirror of professional consciousness and a living chronicle of practice, documented not only the triumphant achievements of the Siberian oil and gas breakthrough, but also its «shadow» side — the complex, contradictory and dramatic process of interaction of a giant industrial system with vulnerable ecosystems of the Arctic and Western Siberia. Through systematic content analysis and an array of publications, the article reconstructs the genesis and evolution of environmental issues in a professional environment: from latent presence in the context of discussing technological difficulties of development (problems of permafrost, impassability, flooding of territories) to its gradual articulation in the form of specific tasks for resource conservation, protection of the subsoil, utilization of associated gas and improvement of environmental safety. Special attention is paid to the analysis of professional language and rhetoric reflecting the transformation of the mentality of petroleum engineers: from the dominant paradigm of «conquering the elements» to the gradual realization of the fragility of the natural environment and the need to find technological compromises. The work proves that the value of the «Oil Industry» goes far beyond purely technical information; the magazine is the key to understanding how a special «industrial-ecological» thinking originated in the depths of the Soviet industrial giant, under the pressure of growing objective contradictions. The research makes a significant contribution to the development of the methodology of working with specialized periodicals as a historical source and opens up new prospects for interdisciplinary research in the field of environmental history of Russia, the history of technology and soviet everyday life on the industrial front.

The article offers analytical optics in which natural resources are considered as «ambiguous» objects that come in many forms depending on the situation, place, actors, and practices. Based on the relational approach, their existence is interpreted within the relations, the diversity of which reveals the multiplicity of semantic and real embodiments of the resource. An analysis of the Kuzbass public discourse has revealed many configurations of forces, conditions, and interactions in which coal is enacted as a substance with a certain meaning, characteristics, and capabilities. The results demonstrate that Kuznetsk coal is discursively and materially transformed in the production process; is involved in market relations as a valuable and useful commodity, providing impressive but unstable incomes; mobilize people and other objects in various spheres of regional life; at the same time is capable of causing damage and inconvenience; leaves «footprints» embodying the material and cultural heritage of the region. The article concludes that attention to the multiple embodiment of an object or substance lets us elucidate the complex, interrelated conditions and consequences of how natural resources exist in public life.

The State Trust of regional significance Sibzoloto carried out its activities during the operational years 1925/26 and 1926/27, covering not only Western Siberia, but also other mining regions. It was created on the basis of the Siberian gold mining offices that preceded it and was an integral part of the state sector of the Soviet gold industry of this period. There is a peculiar aura of oblivion in the historiography of the results of the trust's work, so it is important to restore the relevant gaps. The purpose of the article is to analyze the dynamics of the main indicators of gold mining operations carried out by the Sibzoloto Trust. The research is conducted within the framework of the concept of frontier modernization in the interpretation continued by Russian historians.
It was established that the Sibzoloto trust produced 874.84 kg of slurry gold or 711.3 kg in terms of its chemically pure equivalent. The main feature was the decrease in production in 1926/27 by 12.7% compared to the result of the previous year, which was explained by the conduct of work on the old areas. Sibzoloto's attempt to organize gold mining in an economic way ended in failurein the use of labor resources. Attention is drawn to the strong drop in gold production by mine tenants and, in general, there is a decline in this type of activity. The stable level of gold mining was provided to the trust by prospectors; however, they did not listen much to the administrative and technical staff of the trust in the field, preferring to mine according to their own understanding. The central government's system of financing the trust seriously limited the trust's ability to scale up gold mining and improve the social infrastructure of mining districts.

The purpose of the article is to study the plans and practices of the construction of forest settlements during the first Soviet five-year plans. Forest settlements are settlements whose inhabitants are mainly engaged in harvesting and transporting timber. The relevance of the work is due to the formation of a large settlement network due to the employment of a large number of permanent and seasonal workers, prisoners and various categories of special settlers in the field of timber harvesting; the development of wooden housing construction; the disappearance of some forest settlements and the destruction of buildings in recent decades. The research was based on archival documents, materials from industry newspapers, magazines and books. When developing plans for the industrialization of the forest industry, the authorities, focusing on foreign experience, set the task of creating permanent staff of forest workers. Its decision took place in the context of the industrialization of the country, the reform of forestry and the forest industry, the increase in planned tasks, the formation of the People's Commissariat of the Forest Industry of the USSR, collectivization, «dispossession», and repression. Due to the voluntary and compulsory nature of the formation of the personnel potential of the forestry industry, the lack of financial and material resources, the remoteness of forest settlements from cities and transport routes, the construction of barracks has become the main way to solve the housing problem. In the third five-year plan, the housing problem in the field of timber harvesting was largely solved. This allowed business organizations to pay more attention to creating comfortable living conditions. Social transformations have also been reflected in the construction of forest settlements. The relatively high quality of individual settlements, neighborhoods, and buildings served as a tool to encourage leaders and promote the achievements of Soviet power. Most people faced material and household difficulties in their daily lives caused by a lack of resources, unsatisfactory supplies, maintenance, and the stable ideas of business managers about maintaining the seasonal nature of logging.

The development of agriculture in the North in the 1920s and 1930s was an integral part of the development of the northern territories by the Soviet state. The purpose of the article is to reveal the political and climatic aspects of the development of agriculture in the Soviet North in the 1920s and 1930s. To show, on the one hand, the continuity of the practical aspects of the advancement of agriculture to the North with the pre-revolutionary period, on the other hand, the fundamental difference in the political aspects of this process in the 1920s and 1930s and their priority importance for the Soviet authorities. It was constantly emphasized that the development of northern agriculture was associated with the need to overcome great difficulties. Overcoming these difficulties was beyond the power of tsarist Russia, with its small private farms and predatory methods of production. Such a task was possible only for a large collective farm within the framework of a planned socialist economy. There were also purely practical reasons. Exactly the same as in the pre-revolutionary period. The authorities were forced to develop possible forms of agricultural production in the Far North due to the huge distances separating agricultural areas from new industrial centers. The climate has become an ally of the supporters of the «assimilation» of agriculture. In the period 1879-1938, scientists recorded a warming climate in the Arctic. It is important to note that during the period under review, the new government managed to achieve serious, systematic, quantitative results in promoting agriculture in the Far North. Nevertheless, in the 1930s. In the development of «northern agriculture», political, ideological, cultural and managerial tasks prevailed over scientific and purely practical ones. In this regard, it is certainly possible to state a fundamental break with the pre-revolutionary tradition of agricultural development in the North.

The article notes that in the 1950s and 1960s, Siberian regions required building designs adapted to everyday life and the harsh natural environment. It emphasizes that mass housing construction was in full swing in the country, so unique innovative projects were rarely implemented, and many bold approved designs were subject to revision and given way to standardized housing. The industrial goals of developing Siberia in the USSR in the 1960s increasingly gave way to socio-territorial objectives, which had a priority in determining the programs and direction of architectural development in Siberian cities. The article demonstrates that socio-demographic factors were primary and more differentiating than the extreme natural and climatic conditions. The goal of further developing Siberian residential architecture became the improvement of mass housing types at all levels of housing policy implementation.

The relevance of the topic chosen for research is determined by the extreme importance of drawing lessons from domestic experience, including the implementation of the USSR's state policy in the field of computer technology production. The purpose of this publication is to examine a number of significant issues related to the development and production of computer technology in the USSR. Since the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated December 30, 1967, is often cited by researchers as one of the factors contributing to the lag and subsequent decline in domestic product production, the authors have taken the opportunity to thoroughly examine this document. The study was based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, and reliability.
The theory of modernization was used as the foundation. The study examined declassified documents from the Russian State Archive of Modern History (RGANI), the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF), as well as the Russian State Archive of Economics (RGAE). The study identified the reasons for the adoption of this Resolution. These include the incompatibility of various Soviet computers at the hardware and software level, as well as information sent to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union about the growing gap between the USSR's production and capacity and those of leading capitalist countries. The study also demonstrates that various options for overcoming the slowdown in this area were proposed by leading scientists and officials before the government decision was made. An analysis of the document demonstrated that the resolution was actually adopted to significantly increase domestic development, reconstruct and build large-scale new factories and organizations producing computers, create a network of computing centers, and purchase licenses for the best foreign models. At the same time, the study of archival documents from later years allowed us to conclude that the large-scale plans adopted in 1967 were not implemented.

In modern Russia, work on the creation of specially protected natural areas continues as a part of the national project «Environmental Wellbeing». A significant contribution to the formation of the specially protected natural areas system was made by academic Nature Protection Commissions of various levels, which in the 1950-1970s began research work on the nature protection and the creation of nature reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, and the security of special landscape elements throughout the USSR. The article is the result of an analytical study of documents from the Scientific Archives of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which reveal the contribution of employees of the Commission for Nature Protection in the process of creating a system of protected areas in our northern republic in the 60-70s of the 20th century. The presented material substantiates the conclusion about the important contribution of the regional academic Commission for Nature Protection to the formation of mechanisms and practices of environmental protection activities that are important for modern environmental policy in both the Komi Republic and Russia as a whole.

Environmental issues are a global challenge facing the modern world. The modern Russian Federation faces numerous environmental problems, some of which have accumulated since the Soviet era, including those related to the accelerated and extensive development of various territories. It is crucial to utilize Soviet experience in addressing environmental issues, as the USSR developed a comprehensive approach to environmental protection.
The purpose of the article is to understand the experience of environmental protection activities in the USSR.
Materials and methods of the research — analysis of Soviet and modern monographs, scientific publications and regulatory legal acts.
Since the second half of the 20th century, environmental planning has been implemented, scientific research has been conducted, and environmentally friendly technologies have been introduced into production processes. Modern environmental challenges also require a systematic approach to addressing them. Therefore, analyzing the USSR’s positive experience in environmental conservation will help the Russian Federation develop effective strategies for sustainable development and environmental conservation in the current economic, political, and social realities.

The article analyzes the formation and development of the environmental movement in the Khabarovsk Krai within the context of opposing large-scale energy development plans in the Amur region from the late 1980s to the early 2000s. Based on archival materials and periodical publications, it examines the key stages of activities by public organizations, primarily the «Environmental Group» and the «Committee for Assistance to Perestroika» in Komsomolsk-onAmur, aimed at preventing the construction of the Far Eastern Nuclear Power Plant and a cascade of hydroelectric power stations on the Amur River. The main forms of protest activity from collecting signatures and organizing rallies to conducting independent scientific reviews and participating in election campaigns are identified. Particular attention is paid to the role of the scientific community, the interaction between urban activists and Indigenous small-numbered peoples, as well as the arguments put forth by opponents of the energy megaprojects, including environmental, economic, social, and ethno-cultural aspects. The transformation of the movement from mass protests during the Perestroika period to systematic expert and educational work in the 1990s is demonstrated. The conclusion emphasizes the necessity of considering historical experience and the demands of the environmental community when implementing modern plans for the development of the region’s fuel and energy sector.

The article attempts a systematic analysis of the work of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra administration on the storage and disposal of industrial and household waste. The author draws attention to the lack of necessary production facilities in the region for processing and disposing of solid household and industrial waste in the first half of the 1990s. The article highlights the poor efficiency of the existing outdated equipment at treatment facilities that were put into operation many years ago, their low productivity and efficiency. This circumstance largely determined the need for the district administration to work hard to implement the adopted environmental programs, which provided for the development of the basics of economic activity based on energy-saving and environmentally friendly technologies, including the processing of industrial and consumer waste.

The article indicates that the conceptual foundations of the creation of an industry for recycling and recycling of garbage are reflected in the environmental programs developed by the district administration. Special attention was paid to the characteristics of sanitary and hygienic work and selective waste collection through reception points organized by small and medium-sized businesses. In the process of their generalizing author’s assessment, innovative technological methods of waste recycling were reflected, in particular, the biological disposal of the final product using specially selected environmentally friendly and non-toxic surfactants.

Much attention is paid in the publication to the issues of studying the active participation of residents of the autonomous okrug in public movements for ensuring environmental safety in the region. This was especially evident in the joining of eco-activists of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug to the Zero Waste movement in early 2021, which means «Zero waste».

The Zero Waste concept was a social movement whose main goal was to reduce the amount of waste, curb the increase in landfills and landfills, reduce resource consumption and reduce the amount of junk and unnecessary things in the living space of the autonomous okrug. The author shows that the concept of Zero Waste, initiated by the District Service for Control and Supervision in the field of Environmental Protection, Wildlife and Forest Relations, has become an integral part of the state program «Environmental Safety». She developed an action plan for the implementation of the Zero Waste concept for 2021–2024, during which the eco-volunteer movement was widely developed.

The article highlights the analysis of the work of the administration of the autonomous okrug to create the necessary conditions for the implementation of the program for the construction of complex intermunicipal landfills of solid household waste, on the basis of which centers for sorting and processing glass, plastic and paper were created.

The publication concludes that the positive results of the district administration’s work are confirmed by the high dynamics of growth in the volume of recycled and disposed household and industrial waste. The statistical data presented in the article indicate the process of exceeding the volume of recycled waste over that generated during environmental protection work.

City Reform of 1870 granted city councils the authority to issue binding regulations concerning urban improvement and protection of public health. These regulations governed the principles of collection, storage, and disposal of household and industrial waste; the selection and delivery of water for drinking and cooking; imposed prohibitions on the pollution of urban territories and water bodies; and placed obligations on homeowners and industrialists to maintain cleanliness within their properties. This article is devoted to analyzing the mandatory resolutions of city dumas of the Russian Empire from the perspective of the evolution of legal regulation regarding water supply and the protection of water bodies from pollution in the period from 1870 to the 1910s. The primary source was the compilation «Water Supply and Methods of Sewage Disposal in Russian Cities» (1912), upon which the author created an analytical database that enabled a comparative content analysis of over 600 mandatory regulations from 263 cities across 75 provinces and regions. The study identified a common core of resolutions characteristic of most regions. These norms, which pertain to the regulation of water-carrying practices, the construction of wells, and the prohibition of water pollution, indicate the predominance at the beginning of the twentieth century of «archaic» technologies in water supply and sanitation. Furthermore, the regulations issued by the city dumas clearly demonstrate the prioritization of public health over private economic interests, as evidenced by stringent regulation of water-carrying activities and prohibitions on certain traditional forms of economic enterprises.

In 1892, one of the largest cholera epidemics broke out in Omsk. A few years before it began, Omsk doctors began to sound the alarm, pointing out the terrible water quality, the unsanitary condition of city streets and squares. For the authorities, these words acquired real meaning only when the threat of a major epidemic became a reality. In 1892, the authorities started talking about the problems of water use and mud. Like other cities of the Russian Empire, cholera was an important part of the development of urban water infrastructure.

During the oil and gas development of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug — Ugra, river arteries played an important role in the lives of the population. Rivers served as transport lines, delivering food, building materials and human resources. Water resources were actively used in household life. Rapid urbanization made it possible to create a network of new cities and workers’ settlements, as well as give a «new breath» to previously existing cities. Anthropogenic influence has increased, affecting, among other things, water spaces. As a methodology, the study uses the concept of environmental history, which considers the process of interaction between man and nature in a historical context, as well as oral history. The main material of the study is the author’s field materials in the form of bibliographic interviews recorded in 2023–2024 in Khanty-Mansiysk, Surgut and Raduzhny.

A conclusion is made about the importance of water resources for residents of the cities of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Negative practices of interaction with rivers are indicated. Examples of environmental initiatives by city residents are illustrated.

This article explores the efforts of the democratic intellectuals of the Tobolsk North aimed at addressing the challenge of protecting bioresources in the rivers of the Ob-Irtysh basin. By examining the scientific and journalistic legacy, the main public initiatives and endeavours aimed at resolving this complex problem are studied and analysed. The conclusion is drawn that the primary obstacle to any legislative resolution of this issue was the trading fishermen, who prioritized their own profits over the conservation and enhancement of fish resources.

In this article, the author examines the role of scientific knowledge on the protection and use of water resources in the USSR in the second half of the 1950s-1970s. The Soviet Union, possessing one of the largest reserves of fresh water, as well as water sources from the second half of the 1950s, began to experience difficulties in managing the country’s water management complex. The presence of a large number of different water users, the problems of sanitary treatment of wastewater, the need to ensure the reproduction and rational use of fish resources all this required a sound scientific approach to the regulation and protection of the country’s water complex. In this regard, the main purpose of this study is to analyze the role of scientific knowledge on the protection and use of water resources in the USSR in the 1950s-1970s.

Archival materials from the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Russian State Archive of Economics acted as a source base for the study. The concept of environmental history was chosen as the methodological basis of the work.

It should be noted that the presented work has sufficient scientific novelty. The author conducts a comprehensive analysis of the role of scientific knowledge and approaches to the protection and use of water resources in the USSR in the 1950s-1970s.

The article concludes that, despite the scientific principles declared by the state for the use and protection of water resources, as well as the adoption of a regulatory framework, in practice the situation was different. Water sources were trapped in both government and departmental interests.

This study examines the implementation of the «blue economy» model in the development of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) in the late XX-early XXI centuries. Specific research tasks include, firstly, studying the evolution of Russian policy towards the NSR over the past 20 years, including the development of its legal and conceptual framework, from the point of view of the principles of the «blue economy». Secondly, an explanation of how the implementation of the Polar Code of the International Maritime Organization will help to integrate the NSR into the emerging «blue economy» of the Russian Arctic. Thirdly, consideration of the prospects for the modernization of the NSR port infrastructure based on the principles of the «blue economy». The study uses various sources, including regulatory and conceptual documents of the Russian Federation related to the Russian Arctic and the Northern Sea Route, various working materials from government departments and state corporations responsible for the operation of the Northern Sea Route, as well as the IMO Polar Code, which established requirements for the fleet using this route. Along with general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, historical and logical methods) and approaches (systematic and comparative), gap analysis was used, which is a method of strategic management and planning that helps determine the difference between the desired (possible) and the current state of affairs in an organization or field of management. Despite the fact that Russia does not have a comprehensive strategy for the development of the NSR based on the principles of the «blue economy», some elements of this concept are present in the regulatory and conceptual documents related to the NSR. The introduction of the principles of the «blue economy» into the strategic planning process will contribute to the sustainable development of not only the Northern Sea Route itself, but also the entire Russian Arctic.

The Yenisei Province was established in 1822 within the Yenisei River basin, where the Krasnoyarsk and Turukhansk districts of Tomsk Province had previously existed. The Yenisei province has unique geographical location as it stretches from south to north along the Yenisei River for 2,800 versts (2,985 km), encompassing six natural zones. The purpose of the research is to study the characteristics of economic development across various natural zones of the Yenisei River during both the imperial and Soviet periods. The Yenisei Province existed until May 1925, when the Achinsk, Minusinsk, Khakass, Kansk, and Krasnoyarsk districts previously established within its boundaries, were incorporated into the Siberian Region of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). However, the agrarian and industrial development of the Yenisei region in Krasnoyarsk Krai, established in 1934, necessitated the restoration of economic ties that had historically been formed within the Yenisei Province. During the Great Patriotic War, industrial development in Krasnoyarsk Krai accelerated due to the evacuation of industrial enterprises from the western regions. The state policy aimed at developing the productive forces in the eastern regions of the USSR resulted in prioritized industrialization of the area, leveraging its unique natural resources.
The study is grounded in modernization theory. The researchers examined documents of government officials and scholars published during the Imperial period. The analysis of the Soviet period was carried out on the basis of archival documents of the executive bodies of the provincial, district, and regional councils of deputies, as well as their planning commissions, which have been introduced into academic circulation for the first time. The study is valuable both for understanding the history of the region and for informing management decision-making by incorporating the experience accumulated during the period under review.

The article presents an analysis of the works of pre-revolutionary authors dealing with the development of educational travel in the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th-early 20th century. The research covers the works of historians, educators, local historians, geographers and travelers who considered the role of travel in the educational process and cultural development of the country’s regions. Special attention is paid to the analysis of materials from pre-revolutionary researchers reflecting the specifics of the organization and functioning of educational travel in various provinces and regions of Russia. The article considers works assessing the influence of geographical factors and ethnocultural features on the formation of educational routes and programs. The works devoted to the role of local scientific societies, museums and educational institutions in organizing excursions for students and teachers are analyzed. There are key centers for the development of educational travel, such as Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan and other cities that attracted with their history and culture. These cities became magnets for young minds seeking to expand their horizons and gain knowledge beyond the school curriculum. In addition, the main trends in assessing the importance of educational travel for the development of regional culture and education in pre-revolutionary Russia are identified. An overview of promising areas for further research in this field is presented.

The article is devoted to the study of the historiography of demographic processes in the KhantyMansiysk National Okrug (Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug) during the Great Patriotic War. The key authors and directions of studying the social dynamics of the region are considered, covering various aspects of socio-economic life, including changes in the number of indigenous people, the formation of collective farms, the consequences of the evacuation of industrial enterprises and institutions, migration flows and cultural interactions. The main periods of studying demographic issues in the works of Russian authors, their similarities and differences are highlighted. The conclusion is made about the degree of study and promising areas of study of the historical demography of the KHMNO.

In the context of escalating geopolitical confrontation, system-wide modernization is essential to ensuring the sovereignty of the Russian Federation. However, its implementation is hampered by corruption — a phenomenon that became systemic in both the post-Soviet and Soviet periods. Based on declassified materials from the People’s Control Committee (PCC) of the RSFSR, a complex corruption scheme has been reconstructed for the Urengoytruboprovodstroy trust in the second half of the 1980s, encompassing not only the enterprise but also representatives of party and state structures. It has been established that the economic downturn of the 1970s and 1980s in the USSR was caused by both technological backwardness and institutional degradation, during which corrupt practices became an integral part of the functioning of stateowned enterprises.

Against the background of the dynamic development of migration processes, interethnic and interfaith relations in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug — Yugra, the attention of the scientific community is focused on the transformation of institutional approaches to the preservation and transmission of regional historical and cultural heritage. In this regard, the role of the potential of a pedagogical university as a key link in the formation of a system of interaction between subjects of the educational space in the implementation of the process of mastering and broadcasting regional historical and cultural heritage is increasing.

To date, the efforts of various structures of both the pedagogical university and other interested state institutions to work with the regional historical and cultural heritage have been intensified, which increases the effectiveness of the training of future teachers. Surgut State Pedagogical University creates organizational and methodological conditions for the functioning of the system of interaction of subjects of the educational space in the implementation of the process of mastering and broadcasting the regional historical and cultural heritage by students of the Pedagogical University.