The subject of the article is a little-studied topic in regional historiography. It is connected with the characterisation of the conditions and situation in the development of non-productive sphere institutions of the national districts of the Siberian North (Khanty-Mansiysk, Yamal-Nenets, Evenk and Taimyr) of the pre-war decade. It was a complex stage of modernisation, caused by the formation of Yugra, Yamal, Taymyr and Evenkia on the basis of a new form of statehood. The attention is focused on revealing the dynamics of the number and composition of non-productive sphere institutions and personnel of specialists (pedagogues, medical and cultural workers). An attempt has been made to identify the number of specialists, their educational level, and the training of personnel at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. Similarities in the composition of institutions, problems of their development, shortage of specialists, and their diff cult material and living conditions were revealed. The national districts were characterised by uneven development of the non-productive sphere. The Taimyr and Evenki districts lagged behind in socio-cultural development compared to the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets districts.

The article is devoted to the study of the labor activity of the youth of the Khanty-Mansiysk National District during the Great Patriotic War. Based on a wide range of archival sources, periodical press materials, and published memoirs of district residents, the article analyzes the work of young people in various industries: forestry and fi ing, agriculture, and fur farming. The author came to the conclusion that the youth of the district fi     the shortage of personnel in the main sectors of the district’s economy, were the instigators of many initiatives, assumed increased socialist obligations aimed at exceeding production plans, contributing all possible treasure to help the front.

Today, demographic issues in our country are becoming more relevant every day. This includes issues of historical demography as a tool for retrospective analysis. However, the lack and often contradictory sources do not remove the relevance of scientific discussion on these issues.

Huge human losses and the colossal movement of the masses during the Great Patriotic War changed the demographic «portraits» of many regions of the USSR. The Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug was no exception: mobilization, special settlers, and indigenous minorities mirror demographic events in the country. Therefore, issues related to the movement of the population during the war period are relevant today.

However,  researchers  involved  in  the  historical  demography  of  the  Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug during the Second World War face a number of problems, primarily the lack of a developed body of sources. Censuses cannot be fully used as the main source on this topic, since they were conducted in 1939 and 1959, i.e. they did not affect the period of interest.

The author used the books of village councils to reconstruct the demographic processes of the Second World War period more efficiently. The source is peculiar, requiring careful approach and criticism, but perhaps the only one that affects the period of the Second World War, since household books were filled in the period from 1940 to 1946. The author analyzes the population of the Surgut village Council, the changes that occurred during the war period in the gender and national structure of the population. Having built graphs of the processes, the author comes to the conclusion that the changes in the national composition of the district were quite significant, however, they occurred not as a result of filling the village council with repressed and displaced people, but as a result of a large decrease in the proportion of the Russian population of the village council.

During the war years, nationwide movements to help the front and hospitals developed in the rear regions of the country. One of them was blood donation. The paper examines the blood donation movement in the Middle Volga region. Based on the analysis of documents from regional archives, local periodicals, and research literature, the author comes to the conclusion that it can be called a female movement, since most donors were women. Many of them refused the monetary reward they were entitled to. They asked to transfer it to the defense fund, for the construction of military equipment and weapons. The blood of donors saved the lives of hundreds of thousands of wounded soldiers and officers of the Red Army.

The publication analyzes the main areas of work of the Altai Fish Trust during the Great Patriotic War. On the basis of archival documents and published materials, the features of the trust’s work in military conditions are considered. The author concludes that the fishing industry of the region, although not the main one, nevertheless made a signifi ant contribution to the provision of food for the front and rear, adapting production to wartime conditions. The data of the trust’s resource base during the war years are systematized. The dynamics of fish catches in the breed section, the sources of raw harvesting, the output of finished products of the Altai Fish Trust in kind for the main products in 1941–1945, the average salary of the main categories of workers are presented. The main problems of the development of the fish trust in wartime have been identified. Attention is paid to the types of work of the trust for the protection of reservoirs.

This article is devoted to the problems of social rehabilitation of juvenile offenders in the Turin juvenile detention centre which began its work in 1943. Going through the personal files of the juvenile offenders we learn about the reasons that motivated the girls to commit offenses, about their family, financial difficulties, and about organizing educational and character building work specifics in the centre The main task of the juvenile detention centre was to involve girls in industrial work and raise them as hardworking citizens of the country who would have lived for the good of society in the future. The Turin juvenile detention centre wasn’t just a penal institution but also an educational one so political and educational work was carried out in it. However juvenile offenders violated the detention center disciplinary rules hence they were punished. In the case of exemplary behavior or good academic performance and successful work juvenile offenders were encouraged. It was the juvenile detention centres that helped teenagers to adapt to the realities of life, to get an education, to make good and rejoin the society

In the article, based on the analysis of investigative materials of the political police and judicial authorities of the Saratov province in cases of revolutionary propaganda, the authors identified the features and methods of conducting anti-government agitation, as well as determined its effectiveness and the degree of impact on soldiers and lower ranks of military units. The use of the materials involved in the study made it possible to determine the ways and tactics of distributing prohibited literature among military personnel in one of the regions of the country — Saratov province. The authors concluded that the agitation activities of revolutionary parties and the distribution of banned literature among military personnel intensified during  the inter-revolutionary period, and eventually began to bring its destructive results. At the same time, the authors emphasize the targeted nature of propaganda materials intended for target audiences — Cossacks or the lower ranks of the army.

Evgeniy Dmitrievich Maximov is one of the few «old» Russian populists who were destined to live to 1917 and remain faithful to the ideals of his youth. This article highlights the main landmarks of his life and work during the first «revolutionary» decade: from participation in the leadership of the cooperative movement in Petrograd- Leningrad to teaching in higher educational institutions of the former capital. The article establishes Maximov’s attitude to the overthrow of the autocracy in Russia and the rise to power of the Bolsheviks, to the confrontation between the Reds and Whites, to the ways of building socialism and the role of the artel traditions of the Russian people in this. In conclusion, the article summarizes the main results of Maximov’s cultural and educational activities.

The article presents the results of a study on the resignation of D. A. Clements from his position as the keeper of the Ethnographic Department of the Russian Museum of Emperor Alexander III during 1909–1910. This process was accompanied by a series of behind-the-scenes intrigues in the scientific and bureaucratic circles of Russia and was connected to the persistent efforts of the scientist’s close friends to safeguard his well-being. The research is based on published and unpublished sources, most of which are being introduced into scholarly circulation for the first time. Primarily, these include the epistolary legacy of Clements and his close associates, stored in the archives of leading Russian institutions. The authors note that this study sheds light on the historical context of the early 20th century, illustrating how personal tragedies and socio- political processes influenced not only Clements fate but also that of other prominent Russian scientific and cultural figures with revolutionary backgrounds. The research materials can be used in future scholarly activities aimed at studying the history of Russia in the early 20th century, as well as in the process of teaching the discipline «History of Russia in the 20th Century».

The article examines the case of the escape of revolutionary Viktor Fyodorovich Kostyurin from the Odessa mounted gendarme barracks in March 1877. Based on archival records and personal sources (memoirs, reports, interrogation protocols, and official correspondence), the sequence of escape events that led to an internal investigation is reconstructed. Special attention is paid to the actions of the escape organizers, violations in the organization of the guard, and the reaction of the gendarme command. Through an analysis of the daily practice of supervision, conditions of detention and disciplinary measures taken after the incident, the specifics of the functioning of gendarme barracks as places of temporary detention in cases of State crimes are revealed.

The article is devoted to the course of the armed uprising in Surgut district in 1921. The historiographical situation of the research topic determined its purpose: to reconstruct the course of an armed demonstration in Surgut county, taking into account the socio-economic characteristics of the region. During the research, using the methods of source analysis, comparative historical, the author analyzed a serious amount of material, as a result of the analysis, the main measures of the Soviet authorities to prevent the uprising were identifi The reasons for the defeat of Soviet power in the region, its mistakes and the personal factor in the process are reconstructed. Based on archival material, the course of armed clashes between the rebels and the Bolshevik detachments has been reconstructed. The main stages of armed actions in Surgut district in 1921 are highlighted.

The delivery of furs from Siberia at the end of the XVI–XVII centuries was of great importance not only for the Russian economy. The role of Siberian furs in the foreign policy aff rs of the Moscow state was great.

The purpose of this article is to study the economic importance of the city of Berezov and Berezovsky Uyezd as yasacha territories for the foreign policy contacts of the Muscovite Kingdom of the late XVI — mid XVII century.

The article uses documents from the diplomatic history of Russia in the late XVI — mid XVII centuries. (instructions to the ambassadors, their reports, article lists of embassies), as well as documents of an internal economic nature — reports from the Berezovsky voivodes about the collected yasak. The main methods were historical and comparative, used to study the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the ash harvest, typological and historical-systematic, used to clarify the importance of Siberian furs for the diplomacy of the Moscow Kingdom. The documents of the embassy order were rarely considered in Siberian regionalism, especially in the economic aspect. The importance of Siberian furs in the foreign policy aff of the Moscow state was great and had many aspects. «Soft junk», primarily sables, were sent as gifts to foreign rulers and court nobility, given to Russian ambassadors as a means of payment, and given to foreign ambassadors in Moscow. With the help of furs, it was possible to solve other tasks of national importance. The arrival of «soft junk» from Berezovsky District through Berezov, as well as arrivals through other district centers of Siberia, ensured not only trade and economic relations with other countries, but also the establishment and support of prestigious diplomatic relations with European and Asian states.

From the latter half of the 19th century, there was a gradual increase in the consumption of mineral fuel within the Russian economy. This fuel was extensively utilized not only in diverse industries but also in urban locales. During the final quarter of the 19th and early 20th centuries, a majority of power plants in central cities were powered by coal and petroleum derivatives. However, the economic crisis at the start of the 20th century, along with the First World War and the Civil War, resulted in a reduction in mineralization of fuel balance and halted the shift of the urban economy to mineral fuel. In the years of crisis, power plants in cities switched to using more cost-effective plant- based fuels such as peat and firewood, which subsequently impacted station efficiency. This article examines the actions of city governments regarding cities electrification during the fuel crises and socio- political changes of the early 20th century. The author highlights how local officials based their decisions for power supply technologies on the financial capacity of cities and the prevailing patterns of Russian energy development. Selection of vegetable fuels for power plants constructed at the end of the 19th century or during the socio- political and economic upheavals of the first quarter of the 20th century hindered the development of urban electrical infrastructure in subsequent years. This led city governments to prefer vegetable fuels during the construction of new local power plants.

This article is devoted to the issue of urban development in the first years of Soviet industrialization, which has been little studied in regional historiography. The first five-year plan adopted in the Udmurt Autonomous Region (UAR) primarily affected large enterprises that already existed at that time. The city of Glazov, which did not have such production facilities, was outside the scope of this plan. Local factories were supported only by their own efforts, all necessary repairs, modernization and expansion of production were carried out only at the expense of their own funds. The power plant and brick factory were of the greatest importance for the city. Their proper functioning ensured the work of other enterprises, in particular, the printing house, and made it possible to implement construction programs. Despite the design of new factories, it was not possible to build and commission them in the first five-year plan.

The article examines the problems that were solved during the first five-year plan (1928–1932) by the local authorities of Kemerovo in the process of building housing and communal facilities. In the period under review, this branch of urban economy turned out to be an underestimated part of a large program to create the largest coal chemical complex in the USSR on the territory of Kemerovo. The rate of civil engineering has so far lagged signifi tly behind the rate of population growth. Nevertheless, in the context of an annual acute shortage of fi ancial, various material and labor resources, separate streets of one— and two-story wooden barracks for workers appeared, the fi stone buildings of social institutions and several semi-well-equipped multi-storey buildings were put into operation, and other utilities important for the population were laid.

The author attaches great importance to the issues of preservation and development of forest park management, monuments of landscape gardening art. The article notes that each era brought new touches to the landscaping of Moscow, analyzes the most promising ideas for the development of Moscow in the natural environment in connection with the tasks of reorganizing Soviet cities on socialist principles, notes the need to develop landscaping strategies in urban planning policy. The subject of the study is landscaping and improvement of the capital, which became an integral part of the General Plan for the Development of Moscow. For many years, the General Plan for the Reconstruction of Moscow in 1935 served as a standard for the landscaping of cities in the USSR. Its ideas were developed in subsequent general plans for the reconstruction of Moscow. The article analyzes the process of implementing the General Plan for the Reconstruction of Moscow in 1935, when grandiose work was carried out to preserve and improve the quality of the urban environment. The General Plan for the Reconstruction of Moscow in 1935 was an outstanding achievement of the domestic urban planning school for its time. The capital received a unique urban planning system of landscaping, which forms the microclimate and unique appearance of the city. 

The article examines the process of formation of departmental discourse in Surgut at the pioneer stage of transport development of the West Siberian oil and gas province. The purpose of the work is to analyze the manifestations of agency during the initiation and implementation of «programs» for the improvement of the village: the construction of roads, bridges and sidewalks in 1958–1965. The author of the article notes the low infl nce of local Councils and the lack of real levers of infl      on departments during the formation of the village’s transport infrastructure. The materials of the archives show that the party organization of the Surgut Communists could not cope with the growing departmental voluntarism.

The growth of tourist flow in the Murmansk region has revealed the need to develop approaches and concepts for finding sustainable tourism development. The damage caused by tourists to host communities (garbage, anthropogenic load, damage to natural resources, and others) has acquired significant proportions and revealed the need to create specially protected natural areas. In the practice of preserving natural and cultural heritage, the experience of creating specially protected natural areas (SPNA) to be able to organize conditions for civilized, ecological tourism has been recognized at the international level as one of the options for sustainable tourism development.

In this paper, based on interviews, documentary base and publications in the regional press, the history of the emergence of regional SPNAs «Teriberka» and «Seydyavr» is described for the first time. The creation of SPNAs is considered as part of the strategy for the development of sustainable tourism. It is especially important to adhere to the principles of sustainability in the Arctic, where intervention and increase in anthropogenic load can have a detrimental effect on both natural ecosystems and the lives of the local population. It is shown that the creation of SPNAs in each settlement has its own specifics. This is due to the historical and cultural characteristics of the territories and the attitude of the population to the problems of preserving cultural and natural heritage in a given period of time.

In the article, on the materials of information provided by imperial officials of different ranks, publicists and travelers to the Steppe region, labeled as «imperial experts», the approaches to understanding the resource potential of the region in the system of coordinates of agrarian colonization are revealed. In the course of the research the socio- cultural and ideological context of constructing the discourse of assessing and realizing the resource potential of the steppe periphery of the Russian Empire in the second half of the twentieth — early twentieth centuries was revealed, in which the Orientalist and Eurocentric ideas of the domestic resettlement intelligentsia were cast, and the program directions of resource development of the Steppe region were outlined. It is established that the central subject of the discourse was the theme of economic and cultural competition between nomadic (nomadic) and agricultural modes of production as types of economic and cultural activity, and the projects of resource development of the region and practical activities of the authorities represented the essence of opinions and points of view of imperial experts.

The study of the Konda River area was initially carried out by European scientists specializing in Finno- Ugricstudiessuchas: A. Alquist, G. Karjalainen, B. Munkachi and others. S. K. Patkanov was the first Russian scientist to visit these places, and his work was continued by the expeditions of the early XX century, which played a key role in the complex geographical and ethnographic study of the Konda.

For the first time, the article analyzes the scientific activities of expeditions to the Konda River based on a wide range of sources and using new methodological tools, including photographing the area, mapping and fixing individual archaeological sites, collecting soil samples, archaeological artifacts, statistical material on the economic activities of the Ostyaks (Khanty), information about the flora and fauna of the region. Based on the study, it is noted that at present these data are of real scientific interest to geographers, Ugric specialists, ethnologists, archaeologists, as well as representatives of the environmental history direction.

In this article, the author examines the activities of regional state authorities for the protection of water resources of the Ob-Irtysh river basin in the 1970s. The formation of Soviet environmental legislation in the 1960s and 1970s introduced protective rhetoric into the management of natural resources, including water resources. As part of the activities of State authorities, local executive committees of workers’ deputies are given the right to form specialized commissions, including those dealing with environmental protection issues.

At the same time, the 1970s were a period of active development of the territory of Western Siberia, primarily associated with the formation of the West Siberian oil and gas complex. This, in turn, could not but aff t the state of the main water source in the region, the Ob-Irtysh river basin.

In this regard, the main purpose of this article is to analyze the activities of regional state authorities for the protection of water resources. The methodological basis of the research was the concept of ecological history. The archival funds of the Historical Archive of the Omsk region, the State Archive of the Tyumen Region, as well as the State Archive of Ugra served as the source base for the research. It should be noted that the presented work has sufficient scientific novelty. The author conducts a comprehensive analysis of the activities of state authorities for the protection of water resources in the Ob- Irtysh region.

The author concludes that the waters of the Ob-Irtysh basin suff from complex pollution (petroleum products, household), and also had problems with water treatment.

The article reveals the content and shows the evolution of the state regulation of the activities of people libraries in Russia in the second half of the 19th century. The basis for the research was normative legal acts, materials of administrative and managerial government bodies, journal periodicals. The goal was achieved on the basis of historical-genetic and problem-chronological methods. As a result of the study, it was found that at each stage of the legal regulation of people libraries in Russia, the state authorities simultaneously solved two tasks. On the one hand, the government provided relatively favorable conditions for the implementation of library initiatives «from below», showing a certain interest in attracting «zealots of enlightenment» to the development of the cultural and educational space of the country. On the other hand, in the context of the growth of the social movement, the authorities solved a set of security tasks, forming a complex system of administrative and police supervision over people libraries.

The article analyzes the problem of forming a network of advanced secondary schools in the first decade of Soviet power: seven-year schools, nine-year schools, and II-level schools. The article describes the features of these schools, their difference from educational institutions of the pre-revolutionary period. The article shows the specifics of the activities of school institutions in the context of the new economic policy: the need for professionalization of advanced schools, the introduction of tuition fees in the

The study is devoted to the Leningrad Theater of Physical Culture «Spartak», which existed in the 1930s and has not yet become the object of a separate scientific study. Based on the materials of the theater’s foundation, stored in the Central State Archive of Literature and Art of St. Petersburg and practically not introduced into scientific circulation, the main stages of its development and features in the context of the history of physical culture in Soviet Russia during the interwar period are reconstructed. As a result, it was concluded that the main reason for its difficult fate and closure was the financial factor, when no management wanted to take over the unprofitable theater. As a result, a largely unique and generally sought- after undertaking turned out to be without proper support and patronage, which was not an isolated case for physical education and sports during the period under conditions of resource scarcity.

Reform and innovation in the education system, dictated by rapid changes in society, require teachers to pay constant attention to the development of personal and professional qualities, to the renewal of professional competencies. In recent years, the Russian Federation has been actively developing a unified scientific and methodological space for the continuous development of professional skills of teaching staff and management personnel. Identification and reflection of existing problem areas makes it possible to coordinate and update work in this direction. The purpose of this article is an attempt to analyze the experience of the functioning of the system of additional professional education for teachers of the Khanty- Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug — Yugra (hereinafter — Khanty–Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug — Yugra) in terms of the effectiveness of this model of scientific and methodological support for teaching staff, to identify problem areas and their subsequent correction. The research is carried out using a set of theoretical methods: the method of theoretical and methodological analysis, the method of statistical analysis, the method of pedagogical extrapolation. The article uses materials from monitoring and diagnostic procedures for the quality of education in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug- Yugra (open data).

The epistolary legacy of D.A. Klemenz, a participant in the populist movement of the 1870s, who became a prominent scientist and public fi ure, is extensive and diverse. The three letters he wrote to his friend, a member of the Socialist Revolutionary party, E.E. Lazarev, were written during his trip to Europe in 1903. In his letters, Klemenz outlined his thoughts and arguments on various socio-political, philosophical and historical topics, which can be considered a contribution to the formation of the theoretical platform of the young Socialist Revolutionary party. The documents presented refl not only the ideological closeness, but also the friendship of Klemenz and Lazarev, rooted in the narodnik period.