Norilsk Nickel in the History of the Country and Krasnoyarsk Krai: Economic, Social and Environmental Aspects
https://doi.org/10.69571/SSPU.2024.93.6.008
Abstract
Technological progress is accompanied by the need for new metals or the use of new properties of such well-known metals as nickel, which in the twentieth century began to be used in the production of stainless steel, heat-resistant alloys, armor for tanks and other military equipment. The purpose of the article is to explore the policy of the state in the pre–war and war periods to create a nickel industry, including in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, as well as elements of the acquired experience in the development of natural resources of the Arctic, which have not lost their relevance in modern conditions. Development in the 30s. nickel deposits in the Arctic Circle were determined by the need to strengthen the country's defense capability on the eve of World War II. The decision to build the Norilsk Mining and Metallurgical Combine was one of the reasons for the creation of an independent Krasnoyarsk Territory in December 1934. However, in the emergency conditions of the impending war, all economic activities north of the 62nd parallel were entrusted to the Main Directorate of the Northern Sea Route, and the execution of construction and technological works to the GULAG of the NKVD. A system of specialized GULAG camps was deployed on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the economic activities of industrial and agricultural enterprises of the region, including in the areas inhabited by indigenous peoples of the Yenisei North, were focused on meeting the needs of the construction of the NMMC. As a result of the mobilization of all forces and means, the staff of the Norilsk Combine made a significant contribution to the victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. The commissioning and operation of the plant represent a specific experience in the development of natural resources of the Arctic, accumulated in extreme conditions of the Arctic on the eve and during the Great Patriotic War.
About the Authors
S. T. Gaidin
Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Gaidin Sergei Tihonovich - Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Head of Department of History and Political Science of the Law Institute
G. A. Burmakina
Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Burmakina Galina Aleksandrovna — PhD (History Sciences), Associate Professor of the Department of Psychology, Pedagogy and Human Ecology of the Institute for Economics and Management of Agricultural Complex
Krasnoyarsk
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Review
For citations:
Gaidin S.T., Burmakina G.A. Norilsk Nickel in the History of the Country and Krasnoyarsk Krai: Economic, Social and Environmental Aspects. Surgut State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2024;(6(93)):65-76. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.69571/SSPU.2024.93.6.008
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