Economic Assessment of the Cost of Natural Resources in the Ussr in 1970–1980: Approaches and Methods Shmygleva A. V. Theory and Practice of Water Use Management: Historical Aspect

The need to estimate the cost of expenses caused by a number of reasons, such as the transition of natural resources from the category of «free» goods to goods with value; the need for rational inclusion of natural resources in the production process; ecological planning. There are three approaches to assessing natural resources were in the USSR: cost approach, rental approach, effective approach. The cost approach proposed to evaluate natural resources using the labor theory of value, according to the labor costs for the extraction of one unit of natural resource. The rent approach, on the contrary, helped to consider not only the benefits that a natural resource will bring to the economy, but also what potential damage the use of this natural resource will cause to the state and nature. The effective approach generalized the provisions of both approaches. It was assumed that cost, rental and performance approaches would be used in conjunction, depending on the specific goal. Based on these approaches, it was planned to create a universal methodology for assessing the value of natural resources. However, no unified methodology has been developed. In practice, various methodological documents, including regional ones, were used to assess the value of natural resources

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